They are available from 780 nm to 2500 nm and feature an electro optical bandwidth of up to 40 ghz with low insertion loss, low vp, high per. May 10, 2019 a wideband linbo3 electro optical modulator was designed and fabricated. A machzehnder modulator is used for controlling the amplitude of an optical wave. Thorlabs quantum electronics manufactures a variety of lithium niobate linbo3 optical phase and intensity modulators. This tutorial only begins to discuss optical modulators. Fibercoupled intensity, phase, or iq modulators for speeds up to 40 ghz can be driven by our eo modulator drivers. Here we overcome these limitations and demonstrate monolithically integrated lithium niobate electro optic modulators that feature a cmoscompatible drive voltage, support data rates up to 210 gigabits per second and show an onchip optical loss of less than 0. A tutorial introduction to optical modulation techniques. Optical signals coming from the ld is launched into the ln modulator through the pm fiber, then it is equally split into two waveguide at the first yjunction on the substrate. Low drive voltage 40gbs nrz linbo3 external modulator.
Applications that utilize the large electro optic coefficients of lithium niobate are optical modulation and qswitching of infrared wavelengths. Qorvos optical modulator drivers are designed for 100, 200 and 400 gbs linear modulator functions for optical networks. It uses the machzehnder interferometer principle in waveguides, enabling you to transmit signals with particularly high modulation frequencies up to the gigahertz range. Pdf thin film lithium niobate electrooptic modulator.
Waveguide electrooptic modulation in microengineered linbo3. In chapter 8, the detailed design procedure of a ybranch directional coupler is presented, and the design of a travelingwave electrode is illustrated. Coupling the reduced halfwave voltage length products with the ability to bend and fold the highindexcontrast optical waveguides results in a substantially decreased device footprint ideal for future integrated photonic systems. Broadband optical modulators, especially the linbo3 interferometric types, are currently important in the generation of advanced modulation formats for operating bit rate in the 100 gbs range for.
Design and fabrication of wideband linbo3 electrooptical. All of our optical modulators are based on the electro optic or pockels effectthe linear dependence of the index of. Shallow rib waveguides are utilized for guiding a single transverse electric te optical mode, and au coplanar waveguides cpws support the modulating radio frequency rf mode. Analysis of the optical noise behavior of a linbo3 electro. We havedeeply investigated the recent advances of wide band magneto optical modulators in advanced high speed optical communication systems over wide range of the affecting operating parameters as shown in table 1. Prather, thin film lithium niobate electro optic modulator with terahertz operating bandwidth, opt. The focus of this work is on broadband phase modulators in thinfilm linbo3 which until now have not been. Linbo3 integrated optical qpsk modulator and coherent receiver arkady kaplan, kobi achiam, art greenblatt, geof harston and pak shing cho, celight inc. The electrooptic ef fect, gives a geometrical and mathematical description of the linear and quadratic electrooptic ef fects. Model 406x series phase modulators use potassium titanyl phosphate ktp as the electro optic. Optical modulators are at the heart of optical communication links. Thorlabs selection of electrooptic eo modulators includes freespace and fibercoupled linbo 3 modulators. Electrooptic properties 1 st optical fiber semiconductor laser planar integrated optic prism coupling p.
Lithium niobate modulators for fiber optic communications. If a voltage is applied across one of the arms, a phase shift is induced for the wave passing through that arm. Linbo3 highspeed optical fsk modulator request pdf. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Sep 10, 2014 home forums system linbo3 phase modulator linbo3 phase modulator jaffar emad kadum joined april 2014 participant hi please i want to use dualport linb mzm as phase modulator, what are the parameters switching bias voltage, switching rf voltage, bias voltage1, bias voltage2 and vpi should i use to operate the dual more info. Data sheet 10 gbitss lithium niobate august 1999 electro optic modulator lucent technologies inc. Mzi modulator is realized with driving at nullbias point. Since the emergence of optical fiber communications, lithium niobate ln has been the material of choice for electrooptic modulators, featuring high data bandwidth and excellent signal fidelity. You can use them to influence the phase or amplitude of light up to high modulation frequencies in the gigahertz range. Both, titanium diffusion and proton exchange waveguide processes are used to create an original linbo3 modulator from 780 nm to 2 500 nm. Linbo3 modulator driver download password forgot your password.
Our worldclass optical modulator drivers lead the industry by offering the lowest power consumption, higher linearity and convenience of. In addition, the compact devices have a high optical power stability, low modulation voltages and high extinction ratios. Osa nanophotonic lithium niobate electrooptic modulators. Rp photonics encyclopedia electrooptic modulators, eom. It is one of the most thor oughly characterized electr ooptic m aterials, and.
Its single crystals are an important material for optical waveguides, mobile phones, piezoelectric sensors, optical modulators and various other linear and nonlinear optical applications. A geometrical approach using the index ellipsoid is presented to illustrate the details of how the optical properties change with applied voltage. Devices and applications optical modulators, using acoustooptic, magnetooptic or electrooptic effects. Comparison between gaas and linbo3 from the standpoint of. A guide to acoustooptic modulators nickerson devices. Linbo3 machzehnder interferometer mzi optical intensity modulators 1,2 are. The input waveguide is split up into two waveguide interferometer arms. Optilab features a large online catalogue of optical modulators and voas including intensity, phase, and polarization modulators, modulator. The index ellipsoid is a construct with geometric characteristics representing the phase. Machzehnder modulators ixblue photonics, fiber optic.
It is one of the most thor oughly characterized electr o optic m aterials, and crystal growing techniques consistently produce large crystals of high perfection. Data sheet 10 gbitss lithium niobate august 1999 electrooptic modulator lucent technologies inc. Our eo modulators use mgodoped lithium niobate for high power operation. The bias voltage is set so that the modulator emits a maximum of optical power it means that the operation point is set at the maximum of the modulator s transfer function. Lithium niobate electrooptic modulators, fibercoupled. A wideband yig modulator has recently been developed which represents a great. Some of the world foremost designers of lithium niobate linbo3, gallium arsenide gaas and polymer optical modulators are members of the psi technical team. Conventional ln modulators however are bulky, expensive and power hungry, and cannot meet the growing demand in modern.
Therefore, the integrated optics in linbo3 195 upler is not only a light modulator, but also an efficient switch from one output port to the other. They are used in lasers for qswitching, telecommunications for signal modulation, and in spectroscopy for frequency control. Freespace amplitude, phase, or resonant modulators can operate at speeds up to 100 mhz. Linbo3 integrated optical qpsk modulator and coherent receiver. Thorlabs freespace electrooptic eo amplitude and phase lithium niobate modulators combine our experience with crystal growth and electrooptic materials. Home forums system linbo3 phase modulator linbo3 phase modulator jaffar emad kadum joined april 2014 participant hi please i want to use dualport linb mzm as phase modulator, what are the parameters switching bias voltage, switching rf voltage, bias voltage1, bias voltage2 and vpi should i use to operate the dual more info. Attractive from cost point of viewadvanced electronics on silicon widely used bipolar andcmos technology. Inrad lithium niobate page 4 of 5 description lithium niobate is a ferroelectric material suitabl e for a variety of applications. Investigation of hermetically sealed commercial linbo3.
The fibercoupled integrated optical modulators from jenoptik are ideal for the amplitude or phase modulation of laser light. Since the optical alignment of the modulator can be disturbed by the sma cable, ensure that the sma orientation is not obstructing the alignment and use a strain relief on the cable. You can use them to influence the phase or amplitude of light up to high modulation frequencies in the. The fabrication process of the linbo3 optical modulator is described in detail. The models 4001, 4003, 4005, 4061 and 4063 resonant. Lithium niobate li nb o 3 is a compound of niobium, lithium, and oxygen. An electrooptic modulator eom is an optical device in which a signalcontrolled element exhibiting an electrooptic effect is used to modulate a beam of light. Linbo3 integrated optical qpsk modulator and coherent. Thorlabs selection of electro optic eo modulators includes freespace and fibercoupled linbo3 modulators. You can cover wavelengths of between 500 and 1600nanometers.
Electro optic modulator selection guide new focus offers a broad line of electro optic modulators and drivers that are versatile, reliable and easy to use. Data centers, metropolitan and longhaul communication networks demand scalable and highperformance electro optic modulators to convert electrical signals to modulated light waves at. Catv modulator linbo3 modulator dual electrode machzehnder lucent phase modulator linbo3 lucent linbo3 x2821ca machzehnder modulator with filter optical splitter. Since the emergence of optical fiber communications, lithium niobate ln has been the material of choice for electro optic modulators, featuring high data bandwidth and excellent signal fidelity. Fibercoupled integrated optical modulators jenoptik. Osa thin film lithium niobate electrooptic modulator. The modulators are based on electro optical crystals and make use of their rapid electro optical effect. We present a thin film crystal ion sliced cis linbo3 phase modulator that demonstrates an unprecedented measured electrooptic eo response up to 500 ghz. Figure 1 is a block diagram of such an optical modulator,which can be further integrated with a detector onto a microprocessor or other device, as onchip optical interface.
These highperformance devices are based on titaniumindiffused waveguide technology, offer large bandwidths, and are ideal for developing highspeed modulation systems. Nanophotonic lithium niobate electrooptic modulators. Packaging improvement of linbo3 modulators and space. Silicon has long been the optimal material for electronics, but it is only relatively recently that it has been considered as a material option for photonics1. Linbo3 and ktp are also nonhygroscopic, and have high maximum optical power limits and low optical insertion loss. We also offer liquid crystal eo modulators for speeds up to 2. Acoustooptic modulation of photonic bound state in the. Lithium niobate modulators for fiber optic communications systems. Precise index matching between the copropagating rf and. We offer modulators for wavelengths in the vis and ir spectral range for this purpose. Electrical and computer engineering department, university of california, santa barbara, california 93106, usa. Modulators encode analog or digital signals on an optical wave shift optical power to other spectral frequency bands act as fast switches for laser qswitching, etc control power and or phase of a beam 2. Mccarron december 7, 2007 1 introduction acousto optic modulators aoms are useful devices which allow the frequency, intensity and direction of a laser beam to be modulated.
Highperformance hybrid silicon and lithium niobate mach. Travelingwave linbo3 optical modulator using ybranch. An important figure of merit for mzi modulators is the halfwave voltage v. Pdf thin film lithium niobate electrooptic modulator with. An acousto optic modulator aom, also called a bragg cell, uses the acousto optic effect to diffract and shift the frequency of light using sound waves usually at radiofrequency. The polarization of the input beam often has to be aligned with one of the optical axes of the crystal, so that the polarization state is not changed. Optical carrier modulation by integrated optical devices. Modulator there are two commonly used types of optical modulators in fiber optic communication systems. The finite element method fem has been used to implement a full wave analysis of the two structures and determine the microwave effective index nm, the characteristic impedance zc, the microwave losses. Precise index matching between the copropagating rf. Coherent optical receiver for linear optical phase demodulation.
Its versatility is made possible by the excellent electrooptic, nonlinear, and piezoelectr ic properties of the intrinsic material. We present a thin film crystal ion sliced cis linbo3 phase modulator that demonstrates an unprecedented measured electro optic eo response up to 500 ghz. When choosing a modulator, keep in mind whether you need phase or amplitude modulation, broadband versus resonant or singlefrequency operation, and over what wavelength range you are operating. Chipscale, highly integrated, ln modulators could offer. Optical modulators based on the external modulationprinciples include a machzehnder interferometric opticalmodulator mz, or mzi.
In this study we compare the relative merits of zcut and xcut lithium niobate ln electrooptic modulators. Linbo3 resonanttype optical modulator with doublestub. The enhancement factor of the fabricated modulator was 3. Within these devices incoming light bragg di racts o acoustic wavefronts which propagate through a crystal. Pdf fullwave comparison of zcut and xcut lithium niobate. Modulation efficiency was enhanced by the resonance of the modulating electrode.
Jamisonb amei technologies nasa goddard, 7404 executive place, seabrook maryland 20706. A highspeed silicon optical modulator based on a metaloxide. A resonanttype linbo 3 optical modulator with symmetric stubs and modulating electrodes was investigated. Linbo3 is nonhygroscopic, and so these modulators can be left on an optical table for indefinite periods without requiring a sealed enclosure. Since the emergence of optical fiber communications, lithium niobate ln has been the material of choice for electrooptic modulators.
These highperformance devices are based on titaniumindiffused waveguide technology, offer large bandwidths, and are ideal for developing highspeed modulation. The design procedure is based on the theories of chapter 2 to chapter 7. The modulation may be imposed on the phase, frequency, amplitude, or polarization of the beam. Osa thin film lithium niobate electrooptic modulator with. Investigation of hermetically sealed commercial linbo3 optical modulator for use in laser transmitter spaceflight applications william j. The linbo 3 based intensity and phase modulators are suitable for applications with high optical bandwidth and. Conventional ln modulators however are bulky, expensive and power hungry, and cannot meet the growing demand in modern optical data links. Video lectures on optoelectronic materials and devices by prof. Design and fabrication of broadband thinfilm lithium. Here we report the demonstration of a ghzspeed lithium niobate linbo3 modulator that uses an amorphous silicon waveguide to strongly confine light. As an oem contract manufacturer, ixblue offers build to print services to create your new modulator.
They are available from 780 nm to 2500 nm and feature an electro optical bandwidth of up to 70 ghz with low insertion loss, low vp, and also very high optical extinction ratio. Builtin a monitor pd for auto bias control applications. Protonexchanged linbo3 electrooptic waveguide devices are applicable to communications components employing phase and intensity modulation, in virtue of their 1 high optical damage threshold, 2 extremely high polarization maintenance, and 3 flexibility as to waveguide parameters, due to different annealing procedures. Travelingwave linbo3 optical modulator using ybranch directional coupler. A travelingwave linbo3 optical modulator using an asymmetric coplanar strip with a bandwidth of 22 ghz has been reported 19. Very low voltage single drive domain inverted linbo3. Request pdf linbo3 highspeed optical fsk modulator an optical frequencyshiftkeying fsk modulator with a pair of machzehnder structures that can switch optical frequency is developed. Johansson, hsufeng chou, anand ramaswamy, jonathan klamkin, larry a.
Coherent optical receiver for linear optical phase demodulation leif a. This noise characterization clearly shows that in most cases the modulator increases the noise level properly relevant to the laser emitter. The linbo3 integrated optical intensity modulators consist of machzehnder interferometer optical waveguide circle and coplanar waveguide cpw modulation electrode structure. Integrated lithium niobate electrooptic modulators. The jenoptik integrated optical amplitude modulator is a fibercoupled electro optical light modulator.
Ideally, they should feature low insertion loss, low drive voltage, large modulation bandwidth. The simplest type of electro optic modulator is a phase modulator containing only a pockels cell, where an electric field applied to the crystal via electrodes changes the phase delay of a laser beam sent through the crystal. An acoustooptic modulator aom, also called a bragg cell, uses the acoustooptic effect to diffract and shift the frequency of light using sound waves usually at radiofrequency. This paper has presented yttrium iron garnet yigand lithium niobate linbo3 which are examined for use as awideband magneto optic modulator. Linbo3 optical modulator using polarization reversal and branch electrode. Please contact psi if custom optical modulator engineering design service is needed. Standard configurations of integrated linbo3 optical modulators in a xcut substrate. A powermeter and an acquisition software are used to record the output optical power and deduce the modulator s optical. Operating parameters for magneto optical modulators.
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